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General Economic Law

We advise, support and represent you in all core areas of general commercial law - both in and out of court. One focus is on national and international distribution law and cross-border supply contracts.
Initial Consultation
General Economic Law
International law

Cross-border trade in goods and services can bring its own legal challenges. Our specialized experts are at your disposal for any questions you may have and can advise you on contract drafting for international purchase and distribution of goods.

International Distribution Law

Whether German commercial agents are working for you abroad, you are appointing commercial agents in third countries, or you want to incorporate dealers into your distribution network, a contractual framework is necessary. Due to the existing directive, the respective requirements within the European Union are quite similar. In third countries, however, the legal freedoms regarding, for example, compensation claims, are much greater. Therefore, it is worthwhile for you to engage in contract drafting, and we are happy to assist you with this. At the same time, we keep an eye on ensuring that your commercial agents do not unknowingly establish permanent establishments, which would require you to pay income taxes in your customers' respective countries.

Cross-border Supply Contracts

For cross-border deliveries, certain parameters must be contractually established by you, such as customs responsibility. Due to increased logistical challenges and associated risks, provisions for delivery delays must also be made. Additionally, it must be clarified who is responsible for VAT registration and payment in which country and whether and how the goods need to be certified and labeled. Our experienced team helps and supports you in drafting supply contracts and advises you on your current options.

Litigation

Any company can be affected: suddenly, you need a lawyer. The choice of the right lawyer can determine the outcome of your legal dispute. Don’t leave it to chance who represents you!

When a dispute is taken to court, it is referred to as litigation. This area, along with comprehensive advisory services, is one of our core competencies in all areas of law. Whether simple or complex, national or international proceedings: Our notaries, lawyers, and attorneys handle your civil litigation in every field—with specialized legal expertise and extensive collective experience.

We work in interdisciplinary teams. So, if questions arise in your case that require answers from another legal area, our lawyers will professionally and strategically exchange information with the respective colleagues internally. This allows us to resolve your issues comprehensively and swiftly. From small claims to multi-million dollar lawsuits, no scenario is unfamiliar to us.

Our Experts for this Specialty

Jörg Offenhausen

Partner, Lawyer, Specialized Lawyer in Commercial and Corporate Law.

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Christoph Heidelberg

Partner, lawyer, specialist lawyer for construction and architectural law, specialist lawyer for employment law

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Richard Prechtel, LL.M.

Partner, lawyer, notary, specialist lawyer for commercial and corporate law

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Dr. iur. Alexander Nefzger

Partner, Lawyer, Notary, Specialized Lawyer for Commercial and Corporate Law, Specialized Lawyer for Inheritance Law

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Financing of aircraft

If you are financing the acquisition of the aircraft through a loan or leasing arrangement, we can optimally advise you on the transaction. This includes drafting and negotiating a financing agreement suitable for your purposes, as well as addressing potential liens and other security arrangements.

Additionally, we coordinate the processes between you as the buyer, your bank, sellers, and operators. We ensure that the requirements of the credit institution for loan disbursement can be met so that the purchase price can be paid upon the technical acceptance and delivery of your business jet.

Our team has advised on aircraft financing worth 5.6 billion EUR. Moreover, we collaborate with the experienced and ideal partners.

Import / VAT on Aircraft

When buying and selling aircraft from and to the European Union, import sales taxes and customs duties may apply. This must be properly declared as soon as the aircraft lands at the first customs airport. Otherwise, your VAT refund could be jeopardized when the aircraft is used for business purposes and, depending on where it is handed over, further transaction duties may be incurred. Based on our many years of experience with the export and import of aircraft, we optimize both your transaction and the handover of your business jet.

Registration of Aircraft

For the registration of your aircraft, you need to complete and submit numerous documents. Whether you want to register your business jet under the flag of the Channel Islands, the Virgin Islands, or with the Luftfahrt-Bundesamt (LBA) in Braunschweig, Germany – we advise and assist you in preparing the necessary documentation and registration.

Ownership and Management Contracts

Often, Owners are lacking the knowhow to maintain an aircraft in compliance with the regulations of the EASA (European Union Aviation Safety Agency) and the LBA (Luftfahrt-Bundesamt, German Federal Aviation Office), and let their aircraft be manageged by an AOC. If you decide to operate your aircraft through such an operator, this involves a variety of legal and economic questions. We assist you in answering these questions and in drafting the contracts.

Advice on the different operating forms (AOC, NCC)

We examine both the legal permissibility and the tax implications – depending on your intended owner flights, third-party charter for cost reduction, use for company transport within the group, or shared use with other co-owners. This includes topics such as VAT exemption, fuel tax, or operating costs as deductible expenses in special purpose entities.Additionally, we handle the mediation of optimal partners as well as the creation of the necessary contractual documentation for you. For example, in the use of a foreign Air Operator Certificate (AOC) or the implementation of the Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation (CAMO).

Transaction consulting

For many owners and operators of business aircraft, as well as their legal advisors, neither the purchase nor the sale of the aircraft is part of their daily business. The risk of overlooking pitfalls in unfamiliar territory is high. Therefore, we take care of the smooth execution of the transaction.

Our advisory goal is to protect and represent your interests. This means more than just the concrete planning and documentation of the transaction: creative solutions must be developed, and the deal must be quickly brought to a close without getting bogged down in potential side issues. We accompany you every step of the way: from advising on technical questions before the purchase to tax issues and customs clearance.

We are at your service 24/7 to quickly complete your transaction. With over 150 transactions completed, we have a wealth of experience. Thanks to a fee cap and regular cost updates, you always have an overview of your cost volume with us. Additionally, we collaborate with Germany's largest independent aircraft broker: BAS – Business Aviation Services.

Formation of SPCs

To separate liability, aircraft are often not operated within the owner's operational company but through dedicated holding entities. Together with our notaries, we provide all the necessary services from a single source, guiding you through the entire process—from establishing a national or international special purpose company to legally connecting it with the aircraft owners.

Dr. iur. Alexander Nefzger

Partner, Lawyer, Notary, Specialized Lawyer for Commercial and Corporate Law, Specialized Lawyer for Inheritance Law

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Matthias Reuleaux, LL.M.

Lawyer, of Counsel

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David Meixner

Lawyer, of Counsel

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Edward Stoye

Lawyer, Specialized Lawyer for Commercial and Corporate Law

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Aircraft Damage Claims

When aircraft sustain damage, legal disputes with insurers can quickly arise. For instance, if a pilot makes errors during flight preparation leading to an accident, liability insurers may hold the pilot accountable, or hull insurers may refuse coverage due to alleged gross negligence. These cases often require judicial clarification to determine whether safety regulations were violated. Successfully asserting claims against insurers demands in-depth expertise in aviation and insurance law.

Aircraft Damage Claims

Wet-leasing, or ACMI leasing, involving the charter of aircraft along with crew, maintenance, and insurance, has become a critical operational model. Due to fluctuating and often short-term capacity needs of commercial airlines, coupled with supply chain delays from aircraft manufacturers, various forms of wet-leases have emerged to cater to these individual requirements. We tailor contracts to your specific needs, focusing particularly on ensuring quality standards regarding maintenance, crew qualifications, and financial security through performance guarantees.

Aircraft Leasing Agreements

In recent decades, the aircraft leasing market has experienced significant growth. Large leasing providers offer aircraft to commercial airlines in various forms under complex and extensive contracts. We delve into this intricate field to craft solutions that align with your interests, addressing delivery and redelivery conditions, usage scope, and responses to contract violations (default situations). Additionally, we coordinate the execution and implementation of agreements to secure optimal outcomes for you.

Employment and Freelance Contracts for Pilots

Navigating the intersection of labor law and aviation law requires specialized knowledge. For example, the definition of travel to the home base differs under labor law compared to FRMS (Fatigue Risk Management Systems). Determining whether a pilot is an employee or a freelance operator hinges on nuanced legal precedents. Our labor law team advises various commercial aviation companies, helping you address these complexities without stumbling.

Maintenance Agreements

Maintenance forms the cornerstone of safe flight operations. We provide counsel on framework agreements for base and line maintenance, negotiating contracts for the supply of technical components and avionics to ensure reliable operations.

Corporate Law

As the legal counsel of GATE e.V., we are closely connected to the recurring legal challenges that affect your business. This enables us to provide swift, cost-effective, and well-founded advice. Whether you are a foreign corporation seeking guidance on legal matters for your subsidiary in Germany, drafting a framework supply agreement, or requiring tailored terms and conditions for your procurement processes, we have the right solution at hand. The German Aviation Security Act holds no surprises for us, and we navigate the intricacies of an airside vehicle just as confidently as we handle vertical baggage conveyors.

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We advise and represent you in all legal matters until your request is successfully implemented.

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